Brine shrimps adrift: historical species turnover in Western Mediterranean Artemia (Anostraca)

Abstract Brine shrimps ( Artemia ) have undergone geographic range and demographic expansions as a result of their interaction with humans since the beginning salt harvesting. This has favoured expansion some species but compromising survival others. Mediterranean native populations salina from coastal salterns lagoons are facing presence introduced invasive American monica (= A . franciscana ). However, this could not be only threat. Parthenogenetic Asian urmiana sinica widespread along other areas world. In work, use large cox1 mitogenomic datasets, phylogenetic phylogeographic inferences, time calibrated tree, we confirmed origin recent arrival current Western parthenogenetic addition, replacement Iberian by Asiatic lead us to recognize parthenogens invasive. Current development commercial importance make human-mediated introduction probable. These results demonstrate again impact that changing human interests on population or decline adapted anthropogenic habitats. makes urgent implementation conservation measures such its in fish farming production inoculation inland salterns.